- Classification of chemical kilns
Kiln is the main heat consuming equipment built with refractory materials for calcining materials, high-temperature chemical reaction and burning products.
There are many kinds of chemical kilns, and there are different classification methods according to different standards.
(1) According to the variety of calcined materials, it can be divided into lime kiln, glass kiln, enamel kiln, ceramic kiln, cement kiln, etc.
(2) According to the generated products, they can be divided into calcium carbide furnace, phosphorus furnace, carbon black furnace, activated carbon furnace, etc.
(3) Classification by process use: it can be divided into heating furnace, melting furnace, gasifier, baking furnace, heat treatment furnace, drying furnace, cracking furnace, conversion furnace, etc.
(4) Classification by heat source: it can be divided into electric furnace, gas furnace, coal furnace, oil furnace, gas furnace, etc.
(5) According to the structure of kiln, it can be divided into chamber furnace, open furnace, closed furnace, tower furnace, etc.
(6) Classification according to thermal system: it can be divided into constant temperature furnace, variable temperature furnace, continuous operation furnace, intermittent operation furnace, etc.
Classification of chemical kilns and basic requirements for kiln operation
2. Basic requirements for chemical kilns
Chemical kiln is a kind of energy consuming equipment which consumes a lot of energy in chemical enterprises. Aging furnace structure, unreasonable fuel combustion, unqualified refractory materials, low degree of mechanization and imperfect management system will increase energy consumption. Therefore, the basic requirements for chemical kilns are as follows:
① The structure, size and technical performance of the furnace type shall meet the production requirements;
② The kiln shall be equipped with perfect thermal measuring instruments and the degree of mechanization and automation shall be improved as far as possible to ensure the process heat requirements;
③ In the future of keeping the equipment in good condition, ensuring the product quality and saving energy, the higher the production efficiency of the kiln, the better;
④ The service life of the kiln is long, and the kiln is easily damaged by the radiation of high-temperature flame and the erosion of some chemical components. Incomplete kiln operation not only affects product quality, but also hinders the full combustion of fuel. Therefore, the use of high-quality refractory materials, construction, use and maintenance in strict accordance with the requirements are the necessary conditions for prolonging the service life of the kiln;
⑤ The kiln has a high degree of mechanization and automation, good operating conditions, safe and hygienic production, and is conducive to environmental protection.
In short, the basic requirements for chemical kilns are good, high yield, low energy consumption, high efficiency and less pollution.
3. Energy efficiency of chemical kilns
Energy efficiency is the main economic index to evaluate the quality of kilns. High energy efficiency means that the fuel is fully utilized and the energy consumption per unit product (or output) is low. It is the main item of kiln monitoring. The main factors affecting the energy efficiency of industrial kilns are:
① Furnace (kiln) type structure;
② Combustion device and combustion system;
③ Recovery and utilization of kiln waste heat;
④ Refractory materials for kilns;
⑤ Design and transformation of kiln;
⑥ Supporting mechanical equipment and automation of kiln;
⑦ Management level, personnel quality, technology and market information service of the enterprise.